Tjerk (WP4) – Going from inner-skinned to outer-skinned polyelectrolyte multilayer based hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes
Recently, hollow fiber polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes (PEMMs) have shown great potential for removing organic micropollutants from wastewater streams. Currently, these PEMMs are made with the selective layer on the inside of the hollow fiber. However, to reduce the physical footprint of PEMM modules, it would be beneficial to have the selective layer on the outside. […]
Jan (WP3) – Risk characterisation of chemicals of emerging concern in real-life water reuse applications
Water reuse is a viable option to address temporal or structural water shortages. However, the ubiquitous presence of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in natural systems, especially the aquatic environment, represents a significant obstacle to water reuse and the receiving environment. Therefore, an extensive literature review was performed to identify current water reuse practices at […]
Alaaeldin (WP4) – Counter-ion mobility in cation-exchange membranes: Single electrolytes versus mixtures
Many electrochemical technologies utilize ion-exchange membranes for water treatment (e.g. electrodialysis), energy conversion applications (e.g. redox flow batteries), and electrochemical synthesis (e.g. bipolar membrane electrodialysis). Ion mobility inside the membrane plays a primary role in determining the energy efficiency and ion selectivity of the process. We investigated the mobility of Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ inside […]
Alessia (WP3) – Presence of micropollutants and transformation products during subsurface irrigation with treated wastewater assessed by non-target screening analysis
While wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent offers a potential alternative source for irrigation, the fate of organic micropollutants (OMPs), including transformation products (TPs), in effluent-irrigated fields remains largely unknown. Using non-target analysis (NTA), we investigated OMPs in WWTP effluent and their distribution throughout a full-scale subsurface irrigation (SSI) field where effluent was used for irrigation. […]
Alessio (WP6) – Uncertainty-aware energy storage investment planning through arbitrage in DA and RT markets using novel block order
Energy Storage Systems (ESS) represent capital-intensive technologies set to play a pivotal role in the future energy landscape. In competitive markets, ESS rely heavily on cross-temporal energy arbitrage within day-ahead markets and across multiple segments, such as day-ahead to real-time markets. However, their revenue potential is heavily reliant on the accuracy of renewable energy generation […]
Sophie (WP5) – Hergebruik van stedelijk afvalwater: op (de Europese) weg naar een circulaire economie
In dit artikel bespreken wij hoe het hergebruik van afvalwater op Europees niveau is gereguleerd en hoeEuropese wetgeving in Nederland is geïmplementeerd en verder wordt geoperationaliseerd. Wij spitsen ons toe op het hergebruik van stedelijk afvalwater. Centraal hierbij staat de genoemde Europese Verordening, waarvoor op 28 maart 2022 de consultatieversie van het Nederlandse Uitvoeringsbesluit is […]
Peter (WP6) – Parallel shooting sequential quadratic programming for nonlinear MPC problems
In this paper, we propose a parallel shooting algorithm for solving nonlinear model predictive control problems using sequential quadratic programming. This algorithm is built on a two-phase approach where we first test and assess sequential convergence over many initial trajectories in parallel. However, if none converge, the algorithm starts varying the Newton step size in […]
Peter (WP6) – Handbook of linear data-driven predictive control: Theory, implementation and design
Data-driven predictive control (DPC) has gained an increased interest as an alternative to model predictive control in recent years, since it requires less system knowledge for implementation and reliable data is commonly available in smart engineering systems. Several data-driven predictive control algorithms have been developed recently, which largely follow similar approaches, but with specific formulations […]
Peter (WP6) – Efficient implementation and sampling period analysis of MPC for water distribution networks
In this paper we consider the design and implementation of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for water distribution networks (WDNs). First, we define the nonlinear differential algebraic equations that model a WDN, using both classical methods and simplified pump implementations. Then the cost function used in the MPC algorithm is formulated, where extra steps are taken […]
Alaaeldin (WP4) – Water content of ion-exchange membranes: Measurement technique and influence on the ion mobility
Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are essential components of several electrochemical water technologies where they promote the transport of certain ionic species over others. A characteristic property of IEMs concerns their ionic charge density (ICD) which is a key parameter for modeling ion transport. In literature, significant variations in ICD for similar membranes are reported. We analyzed […]